The Challenge of Energy Management – Status-Quo and Perspectives for Reference Models

Energy management is one of the great challenges of the industry in the next years. Energy becomes more and more to a critical resource. Until now, enterprises need to implement energy management system with nearly no guidance. In the following paper we present the foundation of a reference model-based method that serves for setting up energy management systems in various industrial sectors. The goal is to support reduction emission and cost reduction as well as certification needs. In contrast to previous approaches, this approach enables a model-based certification and allows an automation of activities of the process of supervision of the consumption of energy and the appropriate reengineering of business processes

Influence of the interfaces on the anisotropic magnetoresistance of Ni/Co multilayers

3 pages, 5 figures.-- PACS: 75.70.Cn; 73.61.At; 73.50.JtAnisotropic magnetoresistance in Ni is found to increase abruptly when Co impurity layers are inserted. Some experiments carried out in different Ni/Co multilayers indicate that interfaces are responsible for the magnetoresistance enhancement.Peer reviewe

НАЩАДКИ КОШОВОГО ОТАМАНА ЙОСИПА ГЛАДКОГО

Постать останнього кошового отамана Задунайської запорозької Січі а згодом й Азовського козацького війська Йосипа Михайловича Гладкого не залишилася поза увагою істориків [1] і народної пам’яті [2]. Діяльність цієї, безумовно, харизматичної людини отримала неоднозначну оцінку в попередній і сучасній історіографії. Останнім часом з’явилися ґрунтовні дослідження запорозького історика Людмили Маленко, присвячені історії Азовського козацького війська [3] і персонально діяльності отамана цього війська Й.Гладкого [4]. Дослідниця ввела до наукового обігу потужний корпус нових джерел. У полі зору Л.Маленко опинилася також і генеалогія Гладких. Проте ще наприкінці 1880-х рр. цього питання торкався відомий дослідник Запорожжя Дмитро Іванович Яворницький (1855-1940). Він був чи не першим, хто більш-менш повно висвітлив родинні стосунки Й.Гладкого. Вже у першій своїй великій монографії “Запорожжя в залишках старовини і переказах народу” Д.Яворницький приділив немало рядків Й.Гладкому та його нащадкам [5]. Головним джерелом у цьому дослідженні були документи родинного архіву Гладких. Яворницькому допомагав в цьому питанні його олександрівський приятель і відомий дослідник історії й фольклору місцевого краю Яків Павлович Новицький (1847-1925). В творчому доробку історика є й спеціальна стаття, присвячена Й. Гладкому та його генеалогії [6]

Attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine in chronic pain syndromes: a questionnaire-based comparison between primary headache and low back pain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is widely used and popular among patients with primary headache or low back pain (LBP). Aim of the study was to analyze attitudes of headache and LBP patients towards the use of CAM.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two questionnaire-based surveys were applied comparing 432 primary headache and 194 LBP patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 84.75% of all patients reported use of CAM; with significantly more LBP patients. The most frequently-used CAM therapies in headache were acupuncture (71.4%), massages (56.4%), and thermotherapy (29.2%), in LBP thermotherapy (77.4%), massages (62.7%), and acupuncture (51.4%). The most frequent attitudes towards CAM use in headache vs. LBP: "leave nothing undone" (62.5% vs. 52.1%; p = 0.006), "take action against the disease" (56.8% vs. 43.2%; p = 0.006). Nearly all patients with previous experience with CAM currently use CAM in both conditions (93.6% in headache; 100% in LBP). However, the majority of the patients had no previous experience.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Understanding motivations for CAM treatment is important, because attitudes derive from wishes for non-pharmacological treatment, to be more involved in treatment and avoid side effects. Despite higher age and more permanent pain in LBP, both groups show high use of CAM with only little specific difference in preferred methods and attitudes towards CAM use. This may reflect deficits and unfulfilled goals in conventional treatment. Maybe CAM can decrease the gap between patients' expectations about pain therapy and treatment reality, considering that both conditions are often chronic diseases, causing high burdens for daily life.</p

Highlights from the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory. Our current exposure reaches nearly 40,000 km$^2$ str and provides us with an unprecedented quality data set. The performance and stability of the detectors and their enhancements are described. Data analyses have led to a number of major breakthroughs. Among these we discuss the energy spectrum and the searches for large-scale anisotropies. We present analyses of our X$_{max}$ data and show how it can be interpreted in terms of mass composition. We also describe some new analyses that extract mass sensitive parameters from the 100% duty cycle SD data. A coherent interpretation of all these recent results opens new directions. The consequences regarding the cosmic ray composition and the properties of UHECR sources are briefly discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, talk given at the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Rio de Janeiro 201

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO